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Between 1793 and 1794, thousands of French citizens were imprisoned and hundreds sent to the guillotine by a powerful dictatorship that claimed to be acting in the public interest. Only a few years earlier, revolutionaries had proclaimed a new era of tolerance, equal justice, and human rights. How and why did the French Revolution’s lofty ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity descend into violence and terror?
The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution offers a new interpretation of this turning point in world history. Timothy Tackett traces the inexorable emergence of a culture of violence among the Revolution’s political elite amid the turbulence of popular uprisings, pervasive subversion, and foreign invasion. Violence was neither a preplanned strategy nor an ideological imperative but rather the consequence of multiple factors of the Revolutionary process itself, including an initial breakdown in authority, the impact of the popular classes, and a cycle of rumors, denunciations, and panic fed by fear―fear of counterrevolutionary conspiracies, fear of anarchy, fear of oneself becoming the target of vengeance. To comprehend the coming of the Terror, we must understand the contagion of fear that left the revolutionaries themselves terrorized.
Tackett recreates the sights, sounds, and emotions of the Revolution through the observations of nearly a hundred men and women who experienced and recorded it firsthand. Penetrating the mentality of Revolutionary elites on the eve of the Terror, he reveals how suspicion and mistrust escalated and helped propel their actions, ultimately consuming them and the Revolution itself.
- Sales Rank: #682918 in Books
- Brand: Tackett, Timothy
- Published on: 2015-02-23
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.50" h x 1.20" w x 6.40" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 480 pages
Review
Essential reading for anyone interested in how revolutions devolve into terror. Beautifully written, superbly documented, and fair and balanced in its judgments, it will be a landmark of scholarship for decades to come. (Lynn Hunt, author of Writing History in the Global Era)
A wonderful book, a veritable masterpiece. Tackett finds new sources to answer one of the oldest questions about the French Revolution: why did the deputies of the National Assembly put the Terror in place? In a captivating synthesis of the entire Revolution, he captures its drama and emotion, the fluctuating joys, anxieties, and fears of those who lived through unprecedented events. (David Garrioch, author of The Making of Revolutionary Paris)
[A] grippingly written and deeply insightful book. (Robert Zaretsky Los Angeles Review of Books 2015-01-12)
The work of Timothy Tackett on the French Revolution has made him one of its most influential recent historians. (William Doyle Literary Review 2015-02-01)
[Tackett] analyzes the mentalité of those who became ‘terrorists’ in 18th-century France…In emphasizing weakness and uncertainty instead of fanatical strength as the driving force behind the Terror, …Tackett…contributes to an important realignment in the study of French history. (Ruth Scurr The Spectator 2015-02-21)
Drawing on their day-to-day observations, Tackett argues that the revolutionary process fundamentally changed the people who watched and participated in its unfolding. As France careened in just four years from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy to democratic republic and then descended into the Terror, citizens veered too…By attending to the role of emotions in propelling the Terror, Tackett steers a more nuanced course than many previous historians have managed…Imagined terrors, as…Tackett very usefully reminds us, can have even more political potency than real ones. (David A. Bell The Atlantic 2015-05-01)
[A] boldly conceived and important book…This is a thought-provoking book that makes a major contribution to our understanding of terror and political intolerance, and also to the history of emotions more generally. It helps expose the complexity of a revolution that cannot be adequately understood in terms of principles alone. (Alan Forrest Times Literary Supplement 2015-06-26)
[Tackett] shows how fear engendered by countless disappointments, betrayals, invasion, insurrection, and numbing violence on all sides, especially from the revolution’s own militants, progressively turned fervent enthusiasts into conspiracy-obsessed terrorists. Tackett succeeds brilliantly; his volume is now the starting point for all efforts to understand this episode. (G. P. Cox Choice 2015-07-01)
About the Author
Timothy Tackett is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of California, Irvine.
Most helpful customer reviews
28 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
Tackett's Take on the Terror's Texture - Terrific!
By GDP
Tackett's 'The Coming of the Terror' is historical narrative at its finest. Going far beyond the recitation of dates, names and places, as well as the broader swale of forces that are available in more general histories, he instead focuses upon the human texture of the political culture during the French Revolution that made the Terror a possibility and a reality. To achieve this insight Tackett emphasizes the analysis of surviving correspondence and diaries from many of the political protagonists, which not only flesh out the story but also, by their personal nature, provide a window into the emotional component common to the revolutionaries. Individual response and conduct, within context, is ultimately at the root of the story.
Importantly, Tackett approaches the Terror from the perspective of contingency, that is, as a dynamic process driven by ambitions, rivalries and emotion (utopian enthusiasm as well as fear). Reason, as it turns out, works pretty well in theory, but it often fails to suppress the baser impulses of human nature. In many ways emotion ("… fear was one of the central elements in the origins of Revolutionary violence" - p. 7) and staunch self-righteousness propelled the French Revolution, converting 'reason' into a killing machine.
Tackett writes of a "quasi-millenial fervor" (p. 39) that inspired many of the revolutionaries. Underlying this fervor, as in many examples of millennial episodes in earlier periods, was the impact of severe weather and therefore paltry harvests (contingency sparks combustion). The threat of starvation following the winter of 1788-89 fed the flames of discontent and postured revolutionary change as a source of salvation. Peasants and the urban poor were likely more concerned with their 'daily bread' as they were with 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity' ("… the great majority of the common people, especially outside Paris, were functionally illiterate" - p. 24).
Tackett weaves the fundamental concern for survival with the well-founded regard of authority as unjust, the uncertainty that accompanies such rapid structural change, a legitimate fear of counter-revolution, etc. as prevalent motivations for both 'sans-culottes' and radical revolutionaries. The combination of these various strands created an environment where rumor, fear, and even hatred could flourish. As Tackett quotes Shakespeare, "In time we hate that which we often fear" (p. 140). Denunciation would follow hard on those heels, with the guillotine not far behind.
The text's final chapter (pp. 340-49), a taut conclusion to the many strands detailed throughout, provides a clear sense of summation and synthesis to what Tackett claims was, "a concatenation of developments emerging out of the very process of the Revolution itself" (p. 342).
For a like approach, but one that more narrowly focuses upon the fates of the factional Jacobins and the Terror, see Marisa Linton's excellent Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution. Linton explores the emphasis upon 'virtue' or the demand for complete selflessness on the part of politicians. In a paradoxical environment of such abstract and yet exacting standards, as Tackett writes, "Moderation and passivity could be treated as crimes" (p. 315). These books are terrific companions.
An historian necessarily crafts a story from the past, and in doing so must choose which particulars to focus upon. Tackett chose to focus upon the 'mentalite' ("mental states and emotions" - p. 5) of the participants in order to tell the tale of the Terror's origins, and as readers we are the beneficiaries of his able skills.
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Emotions run wild in the Revolution
By sully
This is a well researched tightly written history of the first years of the French Revolution. The author relies on the letters and writings of participants in the Revolution in order to show what was happening and to reveal the thoughts and reactions of those participants. The book stays on target and does not go off on tangents which is refreshing for a very controversial period of history.
The book has its own core focus on what the author considers as the essential causation of the rise of terror and mass killings which is fear. The word "fear" is used so many times that it becomes excessive but this is a minor criticism given that he wants to tie the emotion of fear to most of the developments of the Revolution. The emphasis on emotions running rampant is a departure from a traditional view of the Revolution as being totally caused by the ideas and reason of the Enlightenment. Blaming the Enlightenment for the Revolution is portrayed as overly emphasizing one aspect of a complicated mix of issues and developments which exploded together in a short period of time.
The book skillfully reveals the evolving situation of the Revolution as its leaders attempt to construct their new regime while dealing with hostile groups both internal and external in France. The revolutionary leaders ultimately became lost in an irrational and emotional pit where they murdered each other and others in a rage to protect their Revolution. The book is an excellent study of what makes the French Revolution so important, especially considering how it influenced the utopian and reactionary revolutions in the twentieth century. It shows how dangerous it is to overlook the power of raging emotion on the political and personal level in a time of radical change. There are times when humans go insane and this was such a time.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent account.
By Nicolas Milne
The mutation of the French revolution from a movement for constitutional reform based on enlightenment ideas into a repressive war economy terror is a complicated story. particularly so when the terrorists largely embarked on their revolutionary careers with jointly held enlightenment views. One of the great virtues of Tackett's book is that it explains this journey with great clarity, identifying each step on the way and the reasons for the increase in radicalism and brutality. The revolutionaries ,like Pandora, opened a box which they could not close.
The analysis of the book is effective and also very readable a trick which few accounts manage to combine. The use of primary source eyewitness accounts is skillfully blended into the text to give a feel and not just Lumped in as padding.
One warning however, this book is what it says in the title, not an account of the Terror itself which is dealt with almost as a footnote. If you want terror better to go for 'The Terror' by Graeme Fife or The terror' by David Andress. However if you want a graphic account of why it happened buy this without hesitation
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